UK National Guidelines for HIV Testing 2008（2008英国HIV检测指南）

naoli

UK National Guidelines for HIV Testing 2008

恐友最关心的部分：
Which test to use?
There are two methods in routine practice for testing for HIV involving either venepuncture and a screening
assay where blood is sent to a laboratory for testing or a rapid point of care test (POCT).
Blood tests
The recommended first-line assay is one which tests for HIV antibody AND p24 antigen simultaneously.
These are termed fourth generation assays, and have the advantage of reducing the time between
infection and testing HIV positive to one month which is one to two weeks earlier than with sensitive third
generation (antibody only detection) assays [22]. It is reasonable to expect universal provision of these
assays, although they are not offered by all primary screening laboratories.
HIV RNA quantitative assays (viral load tests) are not recommended as screening assays because of the
possibility of false positive results, and also only marginal advantage over fourth generation assays for
detecting primary infection.

Confirmatory assays
Laboratories undertaking screening tests should be able to confirm antibody and antigen/RNA. There is a
requirement for three independent assays, able to distinguish HIV-1 from HIV-2. These tests could be
provided within the primary testing laboratory, or by a referral laboratory. All new HIV diagnoses should be
made following appropriate confirmatory assays and testing a second sample.
Testing including confirmation should follow the standards laid out by the Health Protection
Agency [23].
Point of care testing (POCT)
Point of care tests offer the advantage of a result from either a fingerprick or mouth swab sample within
minutes. They have advantages of ease of use when venepuncture is not possible, e.g. outside conventional
healthcare settings and where a delay in obtaining a result is a disadvantage, but these must be weighed
against the disadvantages of a test which has reduced specificity and reduced sensitivity versus current
fourth generation laboratory tests. Due to the low specificity of POCT and therefore the resulting poor
positive predictive value all positive results must be confirmed by serological tests as there will be false
positives, particularly in lower prevalence environments. Only CE-marked POCT kits should be used and a
nominated accredited pathology laboratory should assist with governance issues and quality assurance of
the testing process.
POCT is therefore recommended in the following contexts (see BASHH Point of Care Testing
Guidance) [24]:
1. clinical settings where a rapid turnaround of testing results is desirable
2. community testing sites
3. urgent source testing in cases of exposure incidents
4. circumstances in which venepuncture is refused.

naoli

英国HIV检测指南（2008）上的原文。希望能帮助广大理智的恐友脱恐。恐未知病毒的朋友请绕行。

新闻

哪个测试使用？
有两种方法在日常实践中涉及艾滋病毒或静脉穿刺检查和测试
在血液检测是发送到用于测试或无人照顾的测试（POCT的）快速点实验室。
血液检查
建议的第一线法，是一些艾滋病病毒抗体和p24抗原同时进行测试。
这些被称为第四代试验，并有减少的时间与优势
感染艾滋病毒测试阳性一个月出一到两个星期前比敏感的三分之一
一代（抗体只检测）检测[22]。这是合理的预期这些普遍提供
试验，虽然他们没有提供所有初筛实验室。
艾滋病毒核糖核酸（病毒载量测试）的定量分析方法是不推荐，因为这些化验检查
假阳性结果的可能性，并在第四代检测也只有边际优势
检测的主要感染。

验证性实验
实验室进行检查测试，必须能够确认抗体和抗原/核糖核酸。有
规定为3个独立的检测，能够区分由HIV - 2的HIV - 1。这些测试可
主内提供测试实验室，实验室或推荐。所有新的艾滋病毒诊断应
后，作出适当的验证实验和测试第二个样本。
测试包括确认要按照所规定的卫生防护规定的标准
代理[23]。
点照顾测试（POCT的）
测试点提供的服务的一个，无论是从指尖或口腔拭子样本内的结果优势
分钟。他们的易于使用的优势时，静脉穿刺是不可能的，例如：传统的外
医疗机构，并在那里获得的结果是一个延迟的缺点，但这些都必须权衡
对一个测试已减少与当前的特异性和灵敏度降低劣势
第四代化验。由于POCT的特异性低，因此造成的贫困
阳性预测值的所有积极的结果必须确认，因为血清学测试将是虚假的
特别是在感染率较低的环境中积极因素。只有CE的标志POCT的试剂盒应使用1
提名认可的病理实验室应协助管理问题和质量保证
测试过程。
POCT的因此，建议在下列情况下（见BASHH关怀测试点
指导）[24]：
1。凡检测结果快速回升是可取的临床环境
2。社区试验场
3。在紧急情况下的暴露事件源测试
4。其中静脉穿刺被拒绝的情况。

amituofuo

啥东西  也没说 明什么啊

maxwell

新闻大哥你的GOOGLE翻译太水了

maxwell

红色字大意是 四代比三代能提前1-2星期发现抗体

naoli

靠，Google翻译的？电脑翻译出来的水平太差了吧。