美国《HIV2007版》关于窗口期的定义(2009-04-06 08:41:02)
The diagnosis of an HIV infection is normally made indirectly, i.e. through the demonstration of virus-specific antibodies (Gürtler 1996). These markers of a humoral immune response against the agent are found in virtually 100% of HIVinfected individuals. Their presence equals the diagnosis of chronic active HIV infection.Cases in which infected individuals persistently fail to have detectable antibodies against HIV are exceedingly rare and so far play hardly any role in clinical practice (Connick 2005, Kassutto 2005).HIV感染靠的是特异性抗体检测阳性（不是急性期症状），抗体检测的可靠性100%，目前没有发现感染HIV而检测不到抗体的。（总怀疑自己感染HIV而抗体始终阴性的患者，建议就诊心理科）
After HIV infection has taken place, it takes several weeks before antibodies become detectable. This phenomenon is called "diagnostic window" and is determined by the time period the body requires to produce detectable levels of antibodies (Busch 1997). HIV感染后人体产生可以检测到的抗体的时间，称窗口期。The switch from antibody-negative to antibody-positive is called "seroconversion". 从抗体阴性转成抗体阳性称血清转化。The screening tests currently used are able to recognize an HIV infection six weeks after primary infection in about 80 % and after the 12th week in almost 100 % of cases; 目前使用的初筛实验感染后6周时的检出率为80%，12周时几乎100%。only in very rare cases is an infection recognized only after six months. 只有极个别的案例到6个月。4th generation screening assays attempt to shorten the duration of the "diagnosticwindow" by detecting HIV antibodies and HIV p24 antigen simultaneously (Gürtler 1998, Ly 2001). Although these 4th generation tests become reactive earlier in the course of an acute primary nfection, a second "diagnostic window" phase may occur later on due to methodological reasons, during which the tests may again become non-reactive (Meier 2001).4代酶联检测加入抗原检测（同时检测抗体和p24抗原），可以缩短窗口期，但是由于抗原检测的第二个窗口期（抗原可以早期出现，然后消退，然后再次出现），目前的窗口期还是12周。
对比一下八院官网的窗口期资料
窗口期有多长？高危行为后什么时间进行HIV检测能排除感染？
所谓“窗口期”，即从HIV感染至抗体能被检测出的时间。
一般80%HIV感染者原发感染6周后初筛试验可检出抗体
几乎100%的感染者12周后可检出抗体
只有极少数患者在感染3个月内或6个月后才检出
注意：暴露后预防用药可能使病毒难以检出，并有可能推迟阳转
所以，在高危行为后6周、12周后进行HIV检查基本可以明确是否感染，最稳妥的是在6个月后再检测一次。如果以上时间检查均为阴性则可以排除本次高危行为导致HIV感染的可能。
基本一致的观点！所以说就是直接引用美国的资料！
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