本帖最后由 真实经历恐 于 2011-7-14 17:56 编辑
by H. Hunter Handsfield, M.D. , Mar 14, 2009 12:33PM
The time to a positive HIV test (the seroconversion window) has been discussed many times on this forum. But since we don't yet have an FAQ section, the information can be a little hard to find, so it bears repeating from time to time. Here it is again.
The tests are the same everywhere. There is no rigid window period. As time goes on, more and more infected people have positive tests. The available data are not preciese, but according to most experts around 50% are positive by 2 weeks, 90% by 4 weeks, 95+% by 6 weeks, 99% by 8 weeks, and three months is the longest it ever takes. Doctors and health departments that advises testing at 6 months are being overly and unnecessarily conservative.
On this forum, our replies about when to test do not depend only on the test reliaibility, but on the overall context. If someone has only 1 chance in 100,000 of having caught HIV, a negative test at 4 weeks (90% reliability) drops those odds to 1 in a million. That's close enough to zero that such a person doesn't really need additional testing, except for psychological
Child neglect and psychological abuse
reassurance. On the other hand
Hand or foot spasms
Hand tremor
, if the exposure was high risk and the odds s/he caught HIV are, say, 1% (1 in 100) a 4 week test drops that chance to 1 in 1,000. That's helpful, but not good enough. That person needs testing at 6-8 weeks and perhaps 3 months. Same test but different situations, therefore different testing advice.
All this is for the standard HIV antibody tests. The certainty of a negative result often can be increased by adding a test for the virus itself, like p41 antigen (included in the Duo test) or PCR to detect viral RNA. If one of these plus an antibody test is negative at 4 weeks, that's essentially 100% proof the person didn't catch HIV. However, PCR testing can give false positive results, which of course can be very frightening -- so it usually isn't recommended expcept in especially high risk situations.
以下为翻译稿，所提到的论坛为国外MEDHELP论坛，非本论坛
关于窗口期的问题在我们论坛已经被讨论过很多次，因为我们没有答疑版块，所以这些信息可以比较难找到，所以被朋友们不断重复提问，现在我再解释下： 现在的检测在哪里都是一样的，并没有固定的窗口期的说法，随着时间的流逝和越来越多的人进行HIV测试，虽然可信的数据不是那么精确，但是根据大部分专家的说法，大约50%的人会在两周内转阳，90%的人在四周内，95%多的人在六周内，99%的人在八周内。三个月已经是转阳的最长时间。医生和健康部门所说的六个月是过于不必要的保守了。 在我们论坛，关于窗口期的建议不但是关于检测的可信度还要看全局的情况，如果这个人只有十万分之一的概率得HIV ，那么我们觉得哪怕是四周的结果（虽然准确度只有90%）我们也认为他可以排除了。另外一方面如果确实是高危行为比如确定对方是感染者，那么四周的结果只能证明你感染的可能性是千分之一，虽然这四周的结果有参考意义但是还不够。那我我们建议他检测到6-8周，甚至是三个月。因此，同样的检测对不同的情况给出的检测建议也是不同的。 以上所说是对于标准的抗体检测，如果在四周的抗体检测为阴的情况下，还有PCR检测和P41抗原的检测阴作为支持，则可以肯定此人没有感染HIV。因为PCR检测经常会有假阳性，所以并不建议大家作为常规检测手段。而只在高风险情况下作为辅助检测。 另外他坚持认为口交非常低风险。在其他的回答中。
另外他的观点和地坛吴炎很相似，一般情况6周排除，8周99%排除。对确定高风险建议三月复查。
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发表于 2011-7-14 17:08
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