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ublished: 08 April 2010 Jump to
Doctors and researchers aren't quite sure how many people have got HIV from oral sex. Some think hardly anybody has been infected with HIV from oral sex, but other people think that as many as 3% of infections are due to oral sex. In late 2008 researchers looked at all the available evidence and calculated that the risk of contracting HIV from oral sex was very low, but that it wasn't zero.医生和研究人员并不确定有多少人通过口交感染了HIV。有些人认为根本没人通过口交感染，还有些人认为有3%的人通过口交感染了hiv。在2008年的试验中，研究人言通过统计和可开的证据确信口交传染HIV的可能性非常低，但是不是0.
It is known that oral sex involves less of a risk than unprotected anal sex or unprotected vaginal sex.众所周知，口交比无保护的肛交和性jiao危险性小。
How risky is oral sex?口交究竟有多危险？ The likelihood that HIV is transmitted from an HIV-positive person to an HIV-negative person depends on the type of contact involved. HIV is most easily transmitted by unprotected anal sex (that is, without condoms), unprotected vaginal sex, sharing injecting equipment, and from mother to baby. It also depends on theviral load of the person with HIV, and the dental health of the person performing oral sex.艾滋的感染取决于行为，HIV更容易通过无保护的肛交/性jiao，共用针具，母婴传播，这个也取决于一个人的病毒在两，还有主动口交方的身体情况。
Oral sex has been shown to be a less risky activity than these practices, but is definitely not risk free. It’s also worth remembering that other sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis, herpes and gonorrhoea, can be quite easily transmitted through oral sex.口交已经被证明危险性小于其他方式，但是风险不是0.值得一提的是，其他性病十分容易通过口交传染。
A number of studies have been published on the risks of HIV transmission from oral sex. One American study reported that of 122 gay men with HIV, 8% reported oral sex as their only risk activity. But this study doens't have much credibility. The numbers were very small. Plus some of the men in this study who initially said oral sex was their only risk activity later said they'd had unprotected anal sex. 有很多研究口交危险性，并被发表的研究。有一份美国的研究报道，122位HIV阳性的gay，有8%被报道因为口交感染HIV。但是，这个实验不是那么可信。首先，这个实验的人数很少。此外，这8%的人中，有些一开始坚称只进行了口交，但是后来，他们承认进行了无保护的肛交。
It's worth noting that a study didn’t find any cases of oral transmission of HIV over a ten year period in over 100 couples where one partner was HIV-positive and the other HIV-negative.还有一个在十年间，100对一方阳性，一方阴性的伴侣进行口交，没有感染报道的实验。
Another study from the US found involving gay men found the risk to be effectively zero, but didn't exclude the possibility of there being a risk.另一个来自于美国的GAY的口交研究显示，没有人通过口交感染HIV，但是，这并不能说口交0风险。
Researchers have looked at all the studies looking at the risk of HIV transmission from oral sex. They found that the risk was very low, but not zero.研究人员回顾所有的口交实验发现，口交风险非常小，但不是0.
When is oral sex more risky?什么时候口交传染性增加？ You are at more risk of passing on HIV through oral sex if you have an untreated sexually transmitted infection. You are at more risk of being infected with HIV from oral sex if you have cuts, sores or abrasions in the mouth or on the gums. There is also more of a risk if you have an infection, including sexually transmitted ones, in the throat or mouth which is causing inflammation.
Having high viral load in the blood may also mean that viral load is high in the semen. Although there is good evidence that men who have an undetectable viral load in their blood usually have an undetectable viral load in their semen, this isn't always the case. Factors like untreated sexually transmitted infections can cause viral load in semen to increase. Therefore most doctors believe that you cannot automatically assume that having an undetectable viral load means you're uninfectious. However, the risk of HIV transmission from oral sex if a person has an undetectable viral load are extremely low.如果有性病。风险增加。口腔有伤口，风险增加，口腔，咽部有炎症，风险增加。
The levels of HIV in vaginal fluid vary. They are likely to be highest around the time of menstruation (having your period), when HIV-bearing cells shed from the cervix are most likely to be found in vaginal fluid, along with blood. Oral sex will therefore be more risky around the time of menstruation.阴道分泌液的情况有很大的波动。月经的时候，风险最大。
How can you reduce the risks?怎么减少口交风险？
There are several ways to reduce the risks of oral sex. Naturally, some will be more acceptable than others to different individuals, so you must make your own decisions about the level of risk you find acceptable. If you would like to discuss these issues, ask to see a health advisor, or other health professional, at your treatment centre or genitourinary clinic. Many of the strategies below will also provide protection against other sexually transmitted infections:
- You may decide that the risks of oral sex are low enough for you to continue your regular behaviour.你可以觉得口交的传染性低到不足以引起你的重视，继续无保护口交。
- You may prefer not to have oral sex because you do not wish to take even a low risk of HIV transmission.你可以不进行口交，因为你不愿意让你陷入感染HIV的危险忠，即使这个风险非常低。
- You may decide to reduce the number of partners with whom you have oral sex.你可以减少口交的性伴。
- You may decide to have oral sex with barriers such as condoms for sucking men or ‘dental dams’ (latex squares) for sucking women.你可以戴套子。
- You may decide only to have insertive oral sex (being sucked) as this appears safer than receptive oral sex (sucking).你可以只当口交被动方。
- You may decide not to ejaculate into your partner’s mouth or not to have someone ejaculate into your mouth.你可以不射进对方口腔，或不让对方射进你口腔。
- You may decide to avoid oral sex with women during menstrual periods.你可以在女性经期避免口交。
- Look after your mouth. The likelihood of oral HIV transmission increases if one has bleeding gums, ulcers, cuts or sores in the mouth. Don’t brush your teeth or floss before oral sex.口腔流血，有伤口，有炎症避免口交，口交前避免刷牙。
- Take regular sexual health screening. This will identify if you have any sexually transmitted infections, which may increase the likelihood of you transmitting HIV to a negative partner, and reduce the likelihood of you contracting HIV if you are HIV-negative.定期做检查，这样便于发现你是否有性病。来降低传染HIV的风险。
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发表于 2011-8-14 19:30
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